En el mismo día en que la Corte Suprema de Justicia incitó al Congreso a escoger al Defensor del Pueblo en su fallo sobre las tarifas de los servicios públicos, la Cámara en lo Contencioso Administrativo Federal (Sala III) dictó hoy un fallo trascendental, exhortando a la Cámara de Diputados y al Senado de la Nación a que nombren al Defensor del Pueblo, cargo que se encuentra vacante desde la renuncia de Eduardo Mondino en 2009, y sin defensores adjuntos desde finales de 2013.
El fallo judicial, que lleva la firma de los jueces Jorge Esteban Argento, Sergio Gustavo Fernández y Carlos Manuel Grecco, fue dictada en el marco de una acción de amparo presentada en 2015 por la Asociación por los Derechos Civiles (ADC), la Asociación Civil por la Igualdad y la Justicia (ACIJ), la Fundación Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (FARN), la Fundación Poder Ciudadano, la Fundación Sur y el Instituto de Estudios Comparados en Ciencias Penales y Sociales (INECIP), contra las dos cámaras del Congreso para que le ordene cumplir con su obligación constitucional de designar al Defensor del Pueblo, que desde hace más de siete años viene incumpliendo.
Desde el Poder Judicial se mostraron de acuerdo en que el Congreso funcionó en forma contraria a la Constitución Nacional, al haber dejado de designar a su titular durante tan largo periodo de tiempo. Esa “omisión inconstitucional” tiene efectos determinados y graves sobre la vigencia de los derechos humanos en nuestro país, y la posibilidad de defender a sus habitantes ante sus posibles violaciones.
Luego de darle resolución en sede judicial, habrá de iniciarse el proceso de nombramiento del Defensor del Pueblo en la “Comisión Bicameral de Defensoría del Pueblo” (que deberá proponer al cuerpo entre uno y tres candidatos/as). Esta designación deberá cumplir con altos estándares de transparencia y publicidad y deberá realizarse mediante un procedimiento participativo amplio y abierto, que permita discutir el perfil de los posibles candidatos, asegurando que quien resulte electo reúna las condiciones de idoneidad técnica y moral, independencia de criterio y proactividad en la defensa de los derechos.
Las organizaciones que están detrás del impulso de la acción judicial llevaran a cabo un monitoreo permanente sobre el accionar del Congreso, para asegurar una pronta designación de un/a Defensor/as, de acuerdo al procedimiento participativo descripto.
La figura del defensor del pueblo es creada en 1993 a través de la Ley 24.284, e anexa a la Constitución Nacional en la reforma de 1994. El Defensor del Pueblo cumple un rol trascendental en la protección de derechos humanos: tiene a su cargo la defensa de los derechos constitucionales de los habitantes frente a actos u omisiones del Estado y el control del ejercicio de las funciones administrativas públicas. Su nombramiento se encuentra a cargo del Congreso Nacional.
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